PREGNANT AND CHILD HEALTH CARE

 PREGNANT  AND CHILD HEALTH CARE

Child care, otherwise known as day care, is the care and supervision of a child or multiple children at a time, whose ages range from two weeks of age to 18 years. Although most parents spend a significant amount of time caring for their children, child care typically refers to the care provided by caregivers that are not the child's parents. Child care is a broad topic that covers a wide spectrum of professionals, institutions, contexts, activities, and social and cultural conventions. Early child care is an important and often overlooked component of  Child development.

High-quality universal newborn health care is the right of every newborn everywhere. Babies have the right to be protected from injury and infection, to breathe normally, to be warm and to be fed. All newborns should have access to essential newborn care, which is the critical care for all babies in the first days after birth. Essential newborn care involves immediate care at the time of birth, and essential care during the entire newborn period. It is needed both in the health facility and at home.

Essential newborn care includes:

• Immediate care at birth (delayed cord clamping, thorough drying, assessment of breathing, skin-to-skin contact, early initiation of breastfeeding)
• Thermal care
• Resuscitation when needed
• Support for breast milk feeding
• Nurturing care
• Infection prevention
• Assessment of health problems
• Recognition and response to danger signs
• Timely and safe referral when needed

Care can be provided to children by a variety of individuals and groups. This caregiving role may also be taken on by the child's extended family. Another form of childcare is that of center-based child care. In lieu of familial caregiving, these responsibilities may be given to paid caretakers, orphanges or Foster homes to provide care, housing, and schooling. 

Child care can consist of advanced learning environments that include early childhood education or  elementary education. The objective of the program of daily activities at a child care facility should be to foster age appropriate learning and social development. In many cases the appropriate child care provider is a teacher or person with educational background in child development, which requires a more focused training aside from the common core skills typical of a child caregiver.

 Child care can have long-term impacts on educational attainment for children. Parents, particularly women and mothers, see increased labor force attachment when child care is more accessible and affordable. In particular, increased affordable child care opportunities have economic benefits for immigrant communities and communities of color. 

Therefore, an important aspect of child care is considering the cultural differences and accepted behaviors in differing households. Children should be able to retain their cultural tradition and norms, while also being exposed to other cultures. 

 Prenatal care:

The  health care you get while you are pregnant is called Prenatal care

Prenatal care can help keep you and your baby healthy. It lets your health care provider spot health problems early. Early treatment can cure many problems and prevent others.

It is provided in the form of medical checkups, consisting of recommendations on managing a healthy lifestyle and the provision of medical information such as maternal physiological changes in pregnancy, biological changes, and prenatal nutrition including prenatal vitamins, which prevents potential health problems throughout the course of the pregnancy and promotes the mother and child's health alike

Pregnant and child health programs

 Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) :

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention under the National Health Mission. It is being implemented with the objective of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality by promoting institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. The scheme, launched on 12 April 2005 by the Hon’ble Prime Minister, is under implementation in all states and Union Territories (UTs), with a special focus on Low Performing States (LPS). 

Important features of JSY :

The scheme focuses on poor pregnant woman with a special dispensation for states that have low institutional delivery rates, namely, the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Rajasthan, Orissa, and Jammu and Kashmir. While these states have been named Low Performing States (LPS), the remaining states have been named High Performing states (HPS).

Benefits of JSY : 

1. If an expected Pregnant Woman from rural area gets delivered at Public Health Facility or Accredited Private Hospital will get a cash assistance of Rs. 1400/- after delivery irrespective of age, birth order, or income group (BPL & APL).

2. If an expected Pregnant Woman from Urban Area gets delivered at Public Health Facility or Accredited Private Hospital will get a cash assistance of Rs. 1000/- after delivery irrespective of age, birth order, or income group (BPL & APL).

3. If an expected pregnant woman under the BPL category gets delivered at home will get cash assistance of Rs. 500 regardless of the pregnant woman's age and number of children.

4. The state has implemented a DBT (Direct Bank Transfer) mode of payment. Under this initiative, eligible pregnant women are entitled to get JSY benefit directly into their bank account.

 Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK):

Institutional deliveries in India increased substantially after launched of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY). However 25% women still hesitate to access health facilities for delivery due to out of pocket expenditure during stay at health facilities on drugs, diet, and diagnosis and arrangement blood etc. 

Building on the progress of this safe motherhood scheme, another major initiative Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) was launched in June 2011 to eliminate out-of-pocket expenses for both pregnant women and sick infants.

 Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) launched on 1st June, 2011 entitles all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions to absolutely free and no expense delivery, including caesarean section.

The initiative entitles all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions to absolutely free and no expense delivery, including caesarean section. The entitlements includes free drugs and consumables, free diagnostics, free blood wherever required, and free diet for 3 days during normal delivery and 7 days for C-section. This initiative also provides for free transport from home to institution, between facilities in case of a referral and drop back home

Benefits for pregnant women :

• Free and cashless delivery

• Free C-Section

• Free drugs and consumables

• Free diagnostics

• Free diet during stay in the health institutions

• Free provision of blood

• Exemption from user charges

• Free transport from home to health institution

• Free drop back from Institutions to home after 

  48hrs stay 

Benefits for sick newborn :

·      •For sick newborns till 30 days after birth (now been expanded to also cover sick infants) - 

·      1.Free treatment

·      2.Free drugs and consumables

·      3.Free diagnostics

·      4.Free provision of blood

·      5.Exemption from user charges

·      6.Free Transport from Home to Health Institutions

·      7.Free Transport between facilities in case of referral

·      8.Free drop Back from Institutions to home

By:

Zoha Altaf NCZ III (120421464015)

Mariyam NCZ III (120421464025)